الحديث السادس الأربعين النووية : البعد عن مواطن الشبهات

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40 Hadith Nawawi 5

English – عربي

الحديث السادس


عَنْ أَبِيْ عَبْدِ اللهِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بِشِيْر رضي الله عنهما قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُوْلَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُوْلُ: (إِنَّ الحَلالَ بَيِّنٌ وَإِنَّ الحَرَامَ بَيِّنٌ وَبَيْنَهُمَا أُمُوْرٌ مُشْتَبِهَات لاَ يَعْلَمُهُنَّ كَثِيْرٌ مِنَ النَّاس،ِ فَمَنِ اتَّقَى الشُّبُهَاتِ فَقَدِ اسْتَبْرأَ لِدِيْنِهِ وعِرْضِه، وَمَنْ وَقَعَ فِي الشُّبُهَاتِ وَقَعَ فِي الحَرَامِ كَالرَّاعِي يَرْعَى حَوْلَ الحِمَى يُوشِكُ أَنْ يَقَعَ فِيْهِ. أَلا وَإِنَّ لِكُلِّ مَلِكٍ حِمَىً . أَلا وَإِنَّ حِمَى اللهِ مَحَارِمُهُ، أَلا وإِنَّ فِي الجَسَدِ مُضْغَةً إِذَا صَلَحَتْ صَلَحَ الجَسَدُ كُلُّهُ وإذَا فَسَدَت فَسَدَ الجَسَدُ كُلُّهُ أَلا وَهيَ القَلْبُ) رواه البخاري ومسلم .

40 Hadith Nawawi 6

On the authority of an-Nu’man ibn Basheer (ra), who saidI heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say, “That which is lawful is clear and that which is unlawful is clear, and between the two of them are doubtful matters about which many people do not know. Thus he who avoids doubtful matters clears himself in regard to his religion and his honor, but he who falls into doubtful matters [eventually] falls into that which is unlawful, like the shepherd who pastures around a sanctuary, all but grazing therein. Truly every king has a sanctuary, and truly Allah’s sanctuary is His prohibitions. Truly in the body there is a morsel of flesh, which, if it be whole, all the body is whole, and which, if it is diseased, all of [the body] is diseased. Truly, it is the heart.” [Bukhari & Muslim]

شرح الحديث السادس

البعد عن مواطن الشبهات

(إن الحلال بيـنٌ)

 ؛ أي: واضح لا يخفى حله، (وإن الحرام بيـنٌ) ؛ أي: ظاهر غير خفي، (وبينهما) ؛ أي: بين الحلال والحرام الواضحين (أمورٌ مشتبهاتٌ) ؛ أي: غير واضحات الحِل والحرمة، والمراد أنها تشتبه على بعض الناس دون بعض، قال النووي رحمه الله: الأشياء ثلاثة أقسام: حلال بيِّن واضح لا يخفى حله، كالخبز والفواكه والزيت والعسل، وحرام بيِّن، كالخمر والخنزير والميتة والبول والدم المسفوح، والمشتبهات غير الواضحة الحل والحرمة؛ فلهذا قال: (لا يعلمهن) ؛ أي: لا يعلم حكمها (كثيرٌ من الناس) ، وأما العلماء فيعرفون حكمها بنص أو قياس أو استصحاب أو غير ذلك. (فمن اتقى الشبهات) ؛ أي: تحرز عنها وتركها (فقد استبرأ) ؛ أي: حصل البراءة (لدِينه) مما يَشينه من النقص (وعِرضه) من الطعن فيه. (وَمَنْ وَقَعَ فِي الشُّبُهَاتِ وَقَعَ فَي الحَرَامِ) (ومن وقع في الشبهات) بأن لم يترك فعلها (وقع في الحرام) المحض، أو قارَبَ أن يقع فيه، (كالراعي) ؛ أي: حاله كحال الراعي الذي يحفظ الحيوان، (يرعى) مواشيه (حول) ؛ أي: جانب (الحِمَى) المحظور على غير مالكه، (يوشك) يسرع، (أن يقع فيه) أي: تدخله الماشية وتأكل منه. (ألا) هي للتنبيه على أن ما بعدها أمر ينبغي التنبه له. (ألا وإن في الجسد مضغةً) سميت بذلك لأنها قدر ما يمضغ، (إذا صلَحت) بالإيمان والعلم، (صلَح الجسد كله) ؛ أي: بالإخلاص في الأعمال، (وإذا فسدت فسد الجسد كله) ؛ أي: بالجحود والكفر والعصيان (ألا وهي القلب) ؛ فإنه محل النية التي بها صلاحُ الأعمال وفسادها، وأيضًا هو الأمير والملك بالنسبة إلى تمام الجسد، والرعيَّةُ تابعة للملك.


Explanation of the sixth hadith

Staying away from doubtful matters

(That which is lawful is clear)

; meaning: clear and its permissibility is not hidden, (and that which is unlawful is clear); meaning: apparent and not hidden, (and between them); meaning: between the clear lawful and the clear unlawful (are doubtful matters); meaning: matters that are not clear in terms of permissibility and prohibition, and what is meant is that they are doubtful to some people and not to others. An-Nawawi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Things are of three types: Clearly lawful and its permissibility is not hidden, such as bread, fruits, oil, and honey; and clearly unlawful, such as wine, pork, dead meat, urine, and spilled blood; and doubtful matters whose permissibility and prohibition are not clear; that is why he said: (Many people do not know them); meaning: their ruling is not known (to them). As for scholars, they know their ruling by a text, analogy, presumption of continuity, or other means. (So whoever avoids doubtful matters); That is: he avoided it and left it (then he has cleared his religion) from any defect that would disgrace him (and his honor) from any slander against him. (And whoever falls into doubtful matters falls into what is unlawful) (And whoever falls into doubtful matters) by not refraining from doing them (falls into what is unlawful) purely, or comes close to falling into it, (like a shepherd) that is: his situation is like the situation of a shepherd who protects an animal, (grazes) his livestock (around) that is: on the side of (the sanctuary) that is forbidden to anyone other than its owner, (is likely) to quickly (fall into it) that is: the livestock enter it and eat from it. (Beware) is to draw attention to the fact that what follows it is a matter that should be noted. (Behold, in the body there is a morsel of flesh) It was named thus because it is the amount that can be chewed. (If it is sound) with faith and knowledge, (the whole body is sound) meaning: with sincerity in deeds. (And if it is corrupt, the whole body is corrupt) meaning: with denial, disbelief, and disobedience. (Behold, it is the heart) because it is the seat of intention by which deeds are sound or corrupt. It is also the prince and king with respect to the entire body, and the subjects are subordinate to the king.

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